Koy Sanjaq (KS): The words of Jews regarding Koy Sanjaq, resident once the on 1951 into the Israel

Suggestions is inspired by Robert Hoberman (individual communication). Which is apparently broadly associate of the Jewish dialects regarding many other urban centers in the area as well, plus Aqra and you can Rawanduz.

But not, within this dialect there clearly was an extremely strange change from h to help you h on the 3rd people only 1 possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): What of the Jews out of Iranian Azerbaijan, plus communities inside the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you can Yuksekova. Information is out of Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): The words of the Jews out of Halabja towards Iran-Iraq border. This is very near the Jewish languages of one’s other cities of your area, also Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you may Panjwin. Recommendations is inspired by my cards.

We shall evaluate this type of languages for twenty-four phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you can lexical requirements. After the Hetzron (1976, 98), we have chose simply designs since the criteria to have group. You will find picked good disproportionate number of morphological criteria, and then we should let them have unique weight, once again following Hetzron, but almost every other mutual designs could be considered as really.

Note plus the more difficult conservation plus installation out-of inside Koy Sanjaq said by Hoberman (1985)

Once we examine new dialects off NENA we shall you will need to determine new extent that the brand new languages display a distinct pattern hence differs from Turoyo and Mandaic. At the same time, we’re going to find bundles away from isoglosses inside NENA.

(1) Fret may be penultimate in most new NA dialects, and Turoyo and you can Mandaic although not in the about three easternmost Jewish dialects, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and Halabja, which will stress the very last syllable. These languages take a look, such as this, like in many more (Garbell 1965), to display an abnormally solid determine from Kurdish.

(2) All of the NENA languages possess combined h and you will x. Into the Hertevin the result is h, and you can almost everywhere more it’s x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a good ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you may +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

Both Turoyo and Mandaic preserve independent h and x. Specific NENA languages possess reintroduced h just like the a borrowing away from Kurdish or Arabic otherwise of Ancient Syriac or Hebrew.(5) Yet not, the brand new passed down words consistently shows x. Instance, within the Tisqopa discover lent Arabic conditions, particularly sahabi ‘friend’, with h, however, passed down conditions such as for instance laxma ‘bread’ consistently tell you x. (6)

(3) All of the NENA languages except Hertevin and you may Zakho have lost most circumstances of passed on. Such as for instance, within the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ equal to Syriac arb an excellent and you can afra. In the Hertevin and in Zakho, handed down try continuously ?: Hertevin so?a great ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 189). A number of most other dialects some are managed as the ?, and you may, regarding other individuals, is finished totally. Specific dialects possess reintroduced borrowed of Arabic or Kurdish. Such, Halabja features ayza ‘good’.

(4) During the prior to dialects away from Aramaic, as in Tiberian Hebrew, t turned [Theta] just after a good vowel. That it alternation could have been lexicalized when you look at the NENA, having either t otherwise [Theta] spread using entire paradigms, whether preceded from the a good vowel or not. Eg, for the Aradhin the brand new verb ‘come’ is now offering [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, also [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Next, in a few languages the new phoneme [Theta] features gone through most alter. In certain languages [Theta] possess merged back once again to t, and in others it’s become s or even l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it is h after which come removed except in the start of a keyword. The three easternmost Jewish languages show the newest alarming move from [Theta] to a single. The results ones transform can be seen on keyword ‘house’ and that mexican cupid Hesap Nasıl Silme appears in numerous languages since the getting:[Thetan effective]a beneficial (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you will besa (Sanandaj Christian).